Hloov tshiab Hnub: 15.01.2022
Lub nce thiab poob ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman
Txhua qhov sawv muaj kev tawm tsam, thiab txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg muaj cov laj thawj uas feem ntau npog los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xwm txheej no. Lub hnub ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman - Ib lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm tau sawv thiab ci rau ntev, tab sis zoo li lwm yam dynasty, lub caij nplooj zeeg tsaus nti thiab tas li.
cov Ottoman Empire tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1299 thiab loj hlob los ntawm pawg neeg Turkish hauv Anatolia. Cov ottoman nyiam kev ua si ncaj ncees ntawm lub hwj chim thaum lub sij hawm 15th thiab 16th centuries thiab kav rau ntau tshaj 600 xyoo. Nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov dynasties ntev tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kav teb chaws. Lub hwj chim ntawm Ottoman feem ntau pom tias yog lub hwj chim ntawm Islam. Nws raug suav hais tias yog kev hem thawj los ntawm Western Europeans.Txoj cai ntawm Ottoman Empire yog suav tias yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev ruaj ntseg hauv cheeb tsam, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev nce qib. Qhov kev vam meej ntawm lub dynasty no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lawv hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv, thiab qhov no, ntawm tag nrho, paving txoj hauv kev rau kev coj noj coj ua, kev sib raug zoo, kev ntseeg, kev lag luam, thiab kev tsim kho technology.
Keeb kwm ntawm Ottoman Empire
Lub teb chaws Ottoman tau loj hlob los suav nrog ntau thaj chaw ntawm cov teb chaws Europe niaj hnub no. Nws ncav cuag Qaib Cov Txwv, Tim lyiv teb chaws, Syria, Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Ixayees, Jordan, Lebanon, qhov chaw ntawm Arabian ceg av qab teb, thiab ib feem ntawm North Africa thaum lub sij hawm nws ncov. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman npog txog 7.6 lab square mais nyob rau hauv 1595. Thaum nws yog crumbling ib feem ntawm nws los ua tam sim no-hnub Qaib ntxhw.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman
Lub Ottoman Realm nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim raws li cov xov tawg ntawm Seljuk Turk Empire. Lub Seljuk Empire tau raided los ntawm Turk warriors nyob rau hauv Osman kuv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th uas coj kom zoo dua ntawm Mongol invasions. Mongol invasions tau qaug zog lub xeev Seljuk, thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm Islam yog nyob rau hauv txaus ntshai. Tom qab kev tawg ntawm Seljuk Empire, lub Ottoman Turks tau txais lub hwj chim. Lawv tau tswj hwm lwm lub xeev ntawm Seljuk faj tim teb chaws, thiab maj mam los ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm Turkish sib txawv tau tswj hwm los ntawm Ottoman Turks.
Lub nce ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman
Kev nce ntawm txhua lub dynasty yog ntau dua ntawm kev maj mam dua li txheej txheem sai. Lub teb chaws Ottoman Turkish tshuav nws txoj kev vam meej rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Osman I, Orhan, Murad I, thiab Bayezid I rau nws cov qauv hauv nruab nrab, kev tswj hwm zoo, thaj chaw uas muaj kev nthuav dav, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, thiab kev txhim kho tsis muaj peev xwm ua tub rog. Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam qhib qhov rooj rau kev nplua nuj, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm txoj cai.
Lub sijhawm nthuav dav
Kom meej meej, lub teb chaws Ottoman tau mus txog nws qhov kawg nrog kev kov yeej ntawm Constantinople - lub peev ntawm Byzantine Empire. Constantinople, uas tau suav hais tias tsis muaj kev kov yeej, tau coj mus rau hauv caug los ntawm Osman cov xeeb ntxwv. Qhov kev kov yeej no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman, suav nrog ntau tshaj kaum lub xeev ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Middle East. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Ottoman Empire History narrates lub sijhawm no hu ua lub sijhawm nthuav dav. Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm suav hais tias qhov kev nthuav dav no yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb thiab poob qis ntawm lub xeev uas nyob thiab Ottoman 'cov tub rog siab tshaj thiab muaj peev xwm. Kev nthuav dav txuas ntxiv nrog kev swb ntawm Mamluks hauv tebchaws Iziv thiab Syria.Algiers, Hungary, thiab thaj chaw ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws kuj tuaj nyob rau hauv lub kaus ntawm Ottoman Turks nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th.
Nws yog pov thawj los ntawm daim ntawv ntawm Ottoman Empire keeb kwm tias txawm yog ib tug dynasty txoj hauj lwm ntawm tsuas yog tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws los yog sultan yog hereditary tag nrho lwm tus txawm tias cov neeg tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau txais lawv txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1520 txoj kev kav yog nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Sulayman I. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign Ottoman Empire tau ntau zog thiab ib tug nruj kev txiav txim system tau lees paub. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm no kev vam meej pib vam meej.
Kev poob ntawm lub tebchaws Ottoman
Kev tuag ntawm Sultan Sulyman Kuv tau cim qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm uas ua rau muaj kev poob qis ntawm Ottoman Dynasty. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov kev poob qis tau tshwm sim los ua tub rog sib law liag - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov swb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lepanto . Kev ua tsov ua rog Russo-Turkish ua rau cov tub rog tsis zoo. Tom qab kev tsov kev rog, tus huab tais yuav tsum tau kos npe rau ntau qhov kev cog lus, thiab lub teb chaws Ottoman poob ntau ntawm nws txoj kev ywj pheej nyiaj txiag. Kev ua tsov ua rog Crimean tsim teeb meem ntxiv.
Txog thaum xyoo pua 18th, lub hauv paus hub ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tau qaug zog, thiab ntau yam kev ntxeev siab coj mus rau qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm thaj chaw. Nrog rau kev nom kev tswv intrigue nyob rau hauv lub sultanate, ntxiv dag zog rau European powers, kev sib tw kev lag luam raws li kev lag luam tshiab tau tsim, lub teb chaws Ottoman Turkish. tau mus txog theem kawg thiab raug hu ua "Tus Neeg Mob ntawm Tebchaws Europe". Nws yog hu ua vim hais tias nws tau poob tag nrho nws cov remarkabilities, yog economically unstable thiab yog nce nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe.Qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsov rog kuv cim qhov kawg ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman ib yam nkaus thiab. Lub teb chaws Turkish tshem tawm lub sultanate kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Sevres.
Lo Lus Kawg
Txhua qhov kev nce siab muaj lub caij nplooj zeeg tab sis cov Ottoman tau kav rau ib lub sijhawm 600 xyoo thiab nws tau siv Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb los xaus rau nws. Cov Ottoman Turks tseem nco txog lawv txoj kev ua siab loj, kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab ntau haiv neeg, kev ua lag luam tshiab, kev ntseeg siab ntev thiab kev tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj. Cov kev cai thiab kev nom kev tswv infrastructures tsim los ntawm lub lig Turks tseem ua hauj lwm txawm li cas los nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho los yog hloov cov ntaub ntawv.